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Lipak Formation
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Lipak Fm base reconstruction

Lipak Fm

Period: 
Devonian, Carboniferous

Age Interval: 
? Givetian to Tournaisian


Province: 
NW Himalaya Zanskar-Spiti

Type Locality and Naming

Type section is in Lipak River of Spiti, near Leo village. [Original Publication: Hayden, H.H. 1904. Hayden, H.H. 1904. The geology of Spiti with parts of Bashahr. Memoirs of Geological Survey of India, 36(1): 121p. Redefined by Srikantia, S.V., 1981. The lithostratigraphy, sedimentation and structure of Proterozoic–Phanerozoic formations of Spiti basin in the Higher Himalaya of Himachal Pradesh, India. In: Sinha, A.K. (Ed.), Contemporary Geoscientific Researches in India (a commemorative volume in honour of S.P. Nautiyal). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, pp. 31–48.]

Synonyms: Hayden, 1904 used “Lipak Series” Formational status given by Srikantia, 1981

[Figure: Zanskar-Spiti-Kumaun region location (provided by Om Bhargava)]


Lithology and Thickness

Sandy limestone: Dolomite-limestone-quartz arenite sequences. 900 m

[Figure 1: Contact of Muth Quartzite and Lipak Formation in the upper Pin valley, near the Sagnam village, Spiti)]


Lithology Pattern: 
Sandy limestone


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Gradational contact with underlying Muth Fm.

Upper contact

Conformable contact with overlying Po Fm.

Regional extent

Zanskar-Spiti and Himachal Pradesh to Kumaun-Garhwal region of Northwest Tethyan Himalaya

[Figure: Paleozoic successions of Himalayas West-to-East (after Bhargava, 2008)]


GeoJSON

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Fossils

Brachiopods: Syringothyris lydekkeri; S. cuspidate; Productus sp. and Buxtonia sp.


Age 

? Givetian to Tournaisian

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Givetian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.5

    Beginning date (Ma): 
382.10

    Ending stage: 
Tournaisian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
1.0

    Ending date (Ma):  
346.73

Depositional setting

Deposited on a low energy platform with lagoons (Hayden, 1904, Vannay, 1993, Draganits et al., 2002)


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

O.N. Bhargava & Birendra Singh.